Myself and My Course Essay

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) - Research Paper Example t administrations from completing business with the culpable sites and web crawlers connects to destinations, and court orders requesting providers on the Internet to refuse getting to locales. The bill would extend the criminal law to comprise of the unapproved transmission of copyrighted material, setting a most extreme punishment of 5 years imprisonment2. The bill has grave ramifications for the present structure of the Internet in each sense as it permits the Justice Department and the proprietors of licensed innovation, acquire court orders against those locales or administrations that permit or encourage the encroachment of supposed copyright, including: The bill proclaims a criminal offense to unapproved radio station or other dispersion of copyrighted substance with the rebuffing of the liable with the most extreme punishment of detainment for a term of 5 years. Simultaneously resistance from arraignment vested all Internet organizations that willfully and on their own drive made any move against the online help, managing the spread of ensured content, while making these organizations at risk for harm to their website proprietors accused of unlawful appropriating content. Under the bill, any individual from a system on the Internet †from specialist co-ops, web indexes and even the publicists †actually, require treatment for any proprietor to quit offering types of assistance to the asset, blamed for robbery, and to stop any connection with them (for instance, close the channel, pay for content, suspend the promotion contract, to constrain the impact of the installment framework, erase the website from Google to evacuate connects to the webpage, totally hinder a website to visit, to deny the installment frameworks, (for example, PayPal, Visa, and so on.) to make installments for administrations, etc); something else, any of the immediate and roundabout blamed for counterparties website will be viewed as his accomplice. Under the eyes of this new law, just to jump on your divider an image, record or video that has a copyright will be viewed as a

What Are Your Rights When Youre Depressed

What Are Your Rights When You're Depressed Depression Print What Are Your Rights at Work When Youre Depressed? How Mental Disorders Are Covered Under the Americans With Disabilities Act By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 01, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids If you have a mental disorder such as major depression, you may wonder what your rights are when you apply for a job or are up for a promotion. Obviously, if you had a physical disability it wouldnt be legal for an employer to discriminate against you, thanks to the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), which came into effect in 1992  to prevent private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, and labor unions from discriminating against people with disabilities. It applies to job applications procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and more. Businesses or companies with 15 or more employees are required to comply with the ADA. In 2008, important changes to the ADA expanded the definition of disability, making it possible for people with invisible conditions, such as depression, to be protected, even when their symptoms are controlled by medications, lifestyle changes, or therapy. If youre experiencing depression, knowing your  rights in the workplace can make a substantial difference in how you cope.? Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee Are You Covered by the Americans With Disabilities Act? The ADA???, along with the  2008 amendment, states that persons qualify for disability if they: Have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities and/or bodily functions (the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions). Major life activities include, but are not limited to, caring for yourself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working.Have a history of such an impairmentAre regarded as having such an impairment What Is a Mental Impairment? In terms of the ADA, a mental impairment includes mental or psychological disorders (as defined by the DSM-V)?? such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders (panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder), schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Problems not covered by the ADA include  adjustment disorders, relationship troubles, or illegal drug use. In addition, behavior traits such as irritability or stress are not included. Even if these conditions arent continual, but cause flare-ups of impairment, they qualify under the ADA as long as the disorder is considered a long-term problem. Usually  a condition has to be present for several months before it qualifies as a long-term problem. Disorders that are included in the definition of disability are those that are permanent or have potentially long-term effects, not those that are temporary such as the break up of a relationship. How Is Substantial Limitation Determined? A determination of substantial limitation does not always have to be made by an expert. Sometimes the credible testimony of the person seeking disability, his or her family, friends, or co-workers may be enough. Drug and Alcohol Abuse Because self-medication with drugs and alcohol is so common among people with depression, it is important to note that the ADA does not cover those with a substance abuse problem. Any employee with a substance abuse problem can be held to the same standards as other employees. If your employer does not know about your depression and then later discovers a substance abuse problem, you will not be protected. Understanding Reasonable Accommodation: One of Your Rights Under the ADA, employers are required to make what is called a reasonable accommodation for people with a known disability as long as it doesnt create an undue hardship such as significant difficulty or expense for the company.?? Examples of reasonable accommodation for an employee with depression include a flexible work schedule or job sharing; time off for therapy or support group meetings; a quiet or out-of-the way workspace; extended leave after a  hospitalization; and allowing the worker to work at home periodically. Negotiating Reasonable Accommodations If you need to negotiate reasonable accommodations for yourself, here are some questions to consider:What is your most difficult task at work? What would make it easier?Does any part of your job make your depression symptoms better or worse?Is there anything in your workplace that causes distraction?Would a modified work week be helpful?  For example, decreasing your hours?Is telecommuting possible with your job, either full time or on certain days? Disclosing Your Depression Employers are forbidden by law to ask if someone has a disability, or even to ask questions about a known disability.?? If youve been diagnosed with depression, its up to you to tell your boss or manager and to ask for whatever accommodations you need to be able to do your work. It may be hard to do this, given the stigma and misconceptions that surround mental illness. But its much better to be upfront and to get what you need, rather than risk poor performance reviews or even losing your job because youve decided to tough it out.  Keep in mind that the purpose of the ADA is to protect people just like youâ€"people who wish to work at a job but are frightened about how their performance may be affected by their mental health disability. Dealing With Discrimination If you suspect youve been discriminated against because of your depression, contact the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to file a complaint. A charge of discrimination generally must be filed within 180 days. You may have up to 300 days to file a charge if there is a state or local law that provides relief for discrimination on the basis of disability. To file a charge of discrimination contact any EEOC Field Offices. These offices are located in cities throughout the United States. If its found youve been discriminated against, youre entitled to a remedy that will place you in the position you would have been in if the discrimination had never occurred. You may be entitled to hiring, promotion, reinstatement, back pay, or reasonable accommodation, including reassignment. You may also be entitled to attorneys fees. As with disclosure, remember that the ADA is designed to help people like you. Not only are you standing up for your rights when you claim the protection of the disability act, youre setting an example that will help others with mental illness avoid discrimination due to an illness they never asked to have to cope with. How to Know If Your Anxiety Disorder Is Covered by the FMLA

Reasons Why You Should Vote as a College Student

Feel like your vote really wont make a difference? Not sure if going out and voting is really worth the effort? These reasons why you should vote as a college student should give you some food for thought -- and motivation. America is a Democracy True, it may be a representative democracy, but your elected representatives still need to know how their constituents think in order to accurately represent them. They are counting on your vote as part of that process. Remember Florida? The debacle in Florida that followed the 2000 presidential election will not soon be forgotten. Try asking those folks if your vote matters or not. No One Else Votes with College Students in Mind Many people vote while thinking of other constituencies: older folks, people without health insurance, and the like. But very few voters are focused specifically on the needs of college students. When issues like student loan rates, educational standards, and admissions policies are on the ballot, who else is better qualified to vote than those currently experiencing the implications of such initiatives? Youve Got the Numbers College students -- also known as millennial voters -- are a key constituency in any, and every, election.  With 44 million Millennial voters eligible to vote, your vote can make a huge difference when banded with others in your demographic. Diversity Millennial voters are more diverse than any other constituency. According to Rock the Vote, Sixty-one percent of Millennials identify as White, while 17% are Hispanic, 15% are Black and 4% are Asian. Who else is going to vote to represent the needs of such a diverse constituency? No One Likes a Hypocrite Youre in college. Youre expanding your mind, your spirit, your life. Youre challenging yourself in new and exciting ways and learning things you may not have ever considered before. But when the time comes, youre going to pass on empowering yourself by voting? Really? Many People Fought for Your Right to Vote No matter your race, gender, or age, your right to vote came at a price. Honor the sacrifices others made so that your voice could be heard when theirs wasnt. College Voters Really Can Swing an Election As Rock the Vote reports in its (fantastic) Young Voter Myths and Facts PDF, Joe Courtney won by 83 votes; turnout at the UConn polling place was up nearly 10x that in Connecticut in 2006. Want to call Courtneys opponent, or even Courtney himself, to see if every vote matters? Vote for Your Future Within the next 4 years, you may be getting a job, owning or renting your own housing, getting married, starting a family, paying for health care, or building a business. The policies you vote for today will have a huge influence on your life after college. Do you really want to leave those decisions up to someone else? Youre Living Life as an Adult Now Despite conventional attitudes about college students not being in the real world, much of your daily life involves very serious and important decisions. You manage your finances; you are taking charge of your education and career; you are doing your best, every day, to improve yourself through higher education. In essence, you are becoming an adult (if you arent one already). Your vote, then, matters most because you are finally able to cast it. Go voice your opinions on issues, policies, candidates, and referendums. Stand up for what you believe in. Vote!

Complete Guide to Ethics Management an Ethics Toolkit for...

Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers Written by Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD, Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Copyright 1997-2008. (This guide is located at http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm on the Web.) The profession of business ethics has long needed a highly practical resource that is designed particularly for leaders and managers -- those people charged to ensure ethical practices in their organizations. Unfortunately, far too many resources about business ethics end up being designed primarily for philosophers, academics and social critics. As a result, leaders and managers struggle to really be able to make use of the resources at all. Also, far too many resources about business ethics†¦show more content†¦This document contains the following sections: Document Fills Void of Practical Ethics Information for Leaders and Managers What is Business Ethics? 10 Myths About Business Ethics 10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace One Description of a Highly Ethical Organization Ethics Management Programs: An Overview 8 Guidelines for Managing Ethics in the Workplace 6 Key Roles and Responsibilities in Ethics Management Ethics Tools: Codes of Ethics Ethics Tools: Codes of Conduct Ethics Tools: Policies and Procedures Ethics Tools: Resolving Ethical Dilemmas (with Real-to-Life Examples) Ethics Tools: Training About the Author Bibliography of Practical Resources Also see Related Info in the Free Management Library. Acknowledgment Particular Thanks! goes to Twin Cities-based consultants, Doug Wallace and Jon Pekel, of the Fulcrum Group (651-714-9033; e-mail at jonpekel@comcast.net), for contributing key information to this document. I have referenced their copyright where I included their key materials in this guidebook. Document Fills a Void of Practical Business Ethics Information for Leaders and Managers Current Literature is Focused on Needs of Philosophers, Academics and Social Critics -- Leaders and Managers Require More Practical Information About Managing Ethics Managing ethics in the workplace holds tremendous benefit forShow MoreRelatedHR Experiential Problem Solving899 Words   |  4 Pagesan organization (Mathis Jackson, 2011, p. 16). What are key concepts related to business ethics that should be considered in the development of the ethics training program? Describe the elements you will incorporate into your ethical training program (at least five). 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The concepts of Rational Administration, Accountability, Planning, Control, BudgetingRead MoreEssay Business Omm 6402896 Words   |  12 PagesGonzalez OMM640: Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Dr. Ronald Beach July 28, 2013 A code of ethics is important because it provides individuals within a group, organization, club or society with a set of rules, standards and guidelines to operate within. When employees dont have a code of ethics, they could engage in less-than-socially acceptable behavior. This can establish a bad reputation for an organization. When people dont obey the code of ethics it can tarnish theirRead MoreCareer Development Plan Summary2267 Words   |  10 Pagesand personalized customer service. With visions of growing the business, Kathy is stretched to the extreme and needs assistance with the leadership roles necessary to successfully operate and mature the business. Even though Kathy has managers and assistant managers in each store, she needs a team that can not only relieve her of some of her duties, but also assist Kathy in creating a roadmap for the envisioned future state of Kudler Fine Foods. Business Development and Excellence The proposed reorganizationRead MoreEssay on Ethics2727 Words   |  11 PagesEthics by definition is a set of rules or standards that govern the conduct of a person or members of a group. Ethics involves learning what is right or wrong, and doing the right thing. The controversy: doing the right thing based on a moral principle or doing the right thing based on the situation. Doing the right thing does not always mean the same thing to different people, ultimately; it is up to the individual. Business ethics is knowing what is right or wrong in the workplace and doing what

The History of Blues and Rock ‘N’ Roll Free Essays

â€Å"You can’t play the blues, until you’ve paid your dues† (Spencer 41), said by the originator of the blues W. C. Handy. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Blues and Rock ‘N’ Roll or any similar topic only for you Order Now The blues is a music style that influenced America in many ways eventually coming to create rock and roll. The true originators of the blues go back to African slaves brought to America to work on plantations. As these slaves gained freedom and acceptance in the big cities blues developed its own unique style. This unique style gained popularity amongst the white community creating an opportunity for record labels to make a profit. Once the blues went nationwide white musicians took the blues style and techniques creating rock and roll. Some argue that rock and roll was only a lame attempt at duplicating the blues which could never be understood in the white community. Others argue that rock and roll artists stole the creativity of blues musicians to make their own profit. My argument is to find out whether or not the blues was stolen from African Americans and whether the blues was the property of African Americans not to be used by whites. Whatever the case, the blues changed how other’s viewed music and brought a whole new vibe to its white listeners. To settle the argument over whether or not the blues was something that belonged to blacks we must find out where the blues came from. If you want to find the origin of the blues you must look back to West Africa before its people were introduced to the European and American society. African Natives were isolated from the rest of the world, because it was too early to have technology for travel. Due to this isolation they created their own unique form of speech and music. The key element of West African music was rhythm, not melody and harmony. Instead of the European melodic harmonies, West African music was surrounded by rhythm. â€Å"The core of European music was to embellish a melody with a number of melodic instruments, and incidentally set a rhythm. The European aspect of rhythm was only specified by vague terms such as â€Å"adagio† or â€Å"allegro. † The core of West African music was to color a rhythm with a number of musical instruments, and incidentally dress it up with a melody† (Scaruffi 2) Rhythm was the foundation of the blues which the early whites never used. It can be concluded that the concept of rhythm was something that was created by African Americans belonging to their culture. Once the concept of rhythm came to America the technique of melody would fall behind becoming a less important aspect of music. In the 17th century America discovered Africa and enslaved the â€Å"Inferior race† (Guralnick 98) to work as cotton and wheat pickers for Southern plantation owners. As African slaves were shipped off to America they brought the musical aspect of rhythm that would lay the foundation for blues music. African slaves brought to pick cotton and wheat would use rhythm to set a pace for work. Black slaves developed a â€Å"call and response† way of singing to give rhythm to the drudgery of their servitude. These â€Å"field hollers† served as a basis of all blues music that was to follow† (Scaruffi 1). These work songs were the original form of blues. They would express the harsh conditions of slavery. Africans brought new emotions and techniques to produce music. None of these emotions could be understood by whites because slavery was not an issue for them. â€Å"Whether ecstatic (religious), mournful (work) or exuberant (party), it was much more emotional than white folk music. The combined effect of the hypnotic format and the emotional content created loose structures that could extend for indefinite periods of time, in a virtually endless alternation of repetition and improvisation† (Guralnick 13). The conditions were harsh and brutal working on the Southern plantations. These harsh conditions were a major focus in the lyrics of African slaves and influenced the future theme of blues music. â€Å"The songs of a Negro were the diary of his life (road, train, prison, saloon, sex), often an itinerant life, as opposed to the diary of a community (plantation, church)† (Spencer 38). Africans held their traditions but changed the theme of their music to paint a picture of their everyday lives. Blues now had a foundation to grow on. Due to the new rhythmic style of the first slaves brought from Africa, and generations of influence from America, blues was beginning to take form. The blues was originally a simple work song of cotton pickers and was now a new style of music making its way into the white culture. Blues music had a style revolving around slavery. So the blues did belong to African American because the issue of slavery did not affect whites. In 1865 the United States added the thirteenth amendment into the constitution abolishing slavery giving slaves the freedom to travel. The end of slavery led to the â€Å"Great Migration† of blacks into cities bringing a hip musical style amongst the white city folk. After the Civil War with the abolishment of slavery blacks gained their freedom and could choose where they would work. â€Å"Black men had few options other than back-breaking manual field labor or becoming a traveling minstrel. Many chose the occupation of a traveling minstrel playing raucous, all-night country dances, fish-frys, and jukejoints† (Pendack 11). For blacks who left the South, the North promised freedom. However segregation was still wide spread throughout America. Due to the end of slavery many changes were made to the former slave music to create the blues. â€Å"The end of slavery meant, to some extent, the dissolution of the two traditional meeting points for the African community: the plantation and the church† (Scaruffi 9). Music remained the way of venting the frustration of African Americans, but the end of slavery introduced Blacks as individuals instead of being defined by a group. The black singer was now free to and capable of defining himself as an individual. Solo singers represented a new take on that condition, the view of a man finally enabled to travel, and no longer a prisoner of his community, although, sometimes, more lonely† (Green 3). The sound of blues music began to change from slave work songs to blues. Whites could not understand the concept of gaining freedom because it was naturally given to them. The themes in the lyrics of the blues could only be seen through a black woman or man’s eyes. Many blacks took railroads to Chicago where the â€Å"City Blues† was born. City Blues† was a blues more subdued than its precursor, in part because its rhythms were more refined-more danceable. The African-rooted spirituality basically continued untouched; but the non-articulations (moans and hums) were less dissonant† (Guralnick 101). In Chicago, the emergence of the â€Å"City Blues,† in the 1920’s, created a new blues culture with increased musical performance due to the merging of city life and African musicians. The white culture had already adapted to the city life whereas the city was completely new to blacks. The theme of the city blues reflected the conditioning of the South’s rural emigrants to the city’s new universe of experience that could never be understood by whites. â€Å"City blues represented the African American’s transition from the relinquishment of old folkways to the appropriation of the new progressive mentality. Race progress, represented the liberation of African Americans from the alleged tyranny of superstition† (Spencer 40). What the blues represented was an emotion that belonged to the blacks. Much of the blues was performed in small venues giving rise to new music techniques. Singers sang louder, amps were cranked up, because small noisy club venues, common then, needed loudness to be heard. Some made the switch to electric guitars while adding drum sets to their bands due to the loudness of the crowd† (Green 6). The electric guitar began multiplying options for blues players. Some of the first generation artists of â€Å"City Blu es† were, â€Å"Muddy Water, Howlin’ Wolf, T-bone Walker, Bobby Bland, Bo Diddley, Jimmy Reed, and B. B. King† (Pendack 2). The slaves of the plantations had made the transition from being â€Å"Field howlers,† to recognizable performers in the city life. As the sound of the blues began to rise in popularity Rock and Roll began to develop over time. As the blues began developing a distinctive sound it provided some fundamental elements for rock and roll. After this time, blues was increasingly merged with rock music to form the rock blues bands of the 1960’s and 70’s. â€Å"Blues- the last in all of its permutations; call it a blending, a transition, a hybridization, maybe even a genetic modification; this is the progression of the music. The Forties and early Fifties set the table for rock roll† (Spencer 41). The rise in popularity of the blues had much to do with the mass media, record companies and radios. The blues was spread nationwide amongst the white culture. â€Å"During the late 1920’s, with the advent of the 78 RPM phonograph, some of the more popular country blues artists were recorded by Paramount, Aristocrat and other record labels. These records served to expose white folks to the blues, as well as give the fledgling artists exposure to national, yet segregated record labels† (Guralnick 101). The blues rose to new heights because the money was there. War production pay checks and post-war prosperity gave music listeners money to buy the new music they loved. â€Å"They bought radios and they bought record players; they fed juke boxes and they bought records; they went to concerts at the Apollo and at the Hollywood Bowl. They made rhythm blues profitable† (Pendack 13). With the risen popularity in blues music, record labels jumped at the chance to make some money. With the blues drawing a new crowd and rock and roll was to be born. Many of the original blues artists did not take too kindly to rock and roll. Whites began to make much profit from blues by creating rock and roll. However because blues originated from African American slave songs many whites had trouble replicating the blues because they had not gone through the same experiences. â€Å"Whites would steal from them this creativity born of labor and the elementary forms of industrialization and then turn around and sell it back. White capital, which owned all of the record companies, controlled this commercialization process from the start, economically and culturally† (Spencer 38). The mass media, record companies and radio broadcast stations were primarily under white control making the shift from blues to rock and roll easy. The record labels found that there was a market for blues records among white audiences of the big cities, particularly New York and Chicago† (Green 6). One of the original African American Blues artists, W. C. Handy, admitted, â€Å"Each one of my blues is based on some old negro song of the South, some old song that is part of the memories of my childhood and my race. I can tell you the exact song I used as the basis for any one of my blues† (Guralnick 14). The blues music had an underling meaning of suffering from segregation and slavery. Now let’s admit, I doubt any white man or woman would have any experience writing about that topic. Here is a great example of a white rock band using lyrics depicting the harsh conditions of an African American. Many blacks see this as an attempt at using blues music for profit. As the blues saying goes, â€Å"You can play the blues until you’ve paid your dues† (Spencer 38). â€Å"Every time a white cop hits a Negro with his billy club, that old club says, Bop! Bop!†¦ Be-Bop! Mop†¦ That’s why so many white folks don’t dig†¦ White folks do not get their heads beat just for being white. But you, me, a cop is liable to grab me anytime and beat my head-just for being colored. And this where we come from-out of the dark days we have seen. And not to be dug unless you’ve seen dark says, too. That’s why folks who ain’t suffered much cannot play, and do not understand it. They think it’s nonsense† (Spencer 42). -The Police, 1980 â€Å"It is important to note that â€Å"The Police† was a rock trio from London, England. The trio included the now popular solo singer â€Å"Sting† (Spencer 39). It is also worth mentioning that this band consisted of three white men. Not black, but white. Even though this song was produced and sung by a white band the lyrics are sung from a black man’s perspective. The Police† had no idea what it was like to be beat due to a difference in skin color. It is also worth mentioning that, â€Å"The Police† went on to sell more than 50 million albums and became the world’s highest-earning musicians in 2008. The Rolling Stone has gone on to rank â€Å"The Policeà ¢â‚¬  number 70 on the list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time† (Spencer 39). They ended up making a huge profit while using lyrics from a black man’s perspective. Now the question arises: â€Å"Was the blues really stolen from African Americans? † and if so, â€Å"Was the blues really something that belonged to African Americans? Looking back on the origins of the blues we can see that its foundation was set by the concept of rhythm created in Africa. Once African natives were enslaved they were brought over to America using work-songs to set pace for work. With the abolishment of slavery African Americans moved north bringing the new style of the blues with them. As these former slaves began to make the shift to performing in clubs individually, they began to develop a new sound. As the popularity of the blues began to rise record labels jumped at the opportunity to make a profit. Over time whites began to develop their own form of blues ultimately leading to rock and roll. Going back through this history we can conclude that African-Americans were the founders of blues. However, I do not think the blues is something that could be stolen. Rock and roll was formed by the combination of African culture and White culture. With the rhythmic style of the blues whites were able to transform it into their own version. If we were to keep the blues hidden belonging only to African Americans, slavery would have never been abolished. Due to the clash of the two cultures the outcome is rock and roll. Rock and roll heard today is merely the blues in its developed form. The blues was a melting pot for all musical forms. As the blues was mixed and spiced up by difference artists, rock and roll was what boiled out. Annotated Bibliography Green, Adam. Blues. The Encyclopedia of Chicago. 1991. Web. April 23, 2010. The â€Å"African American Migration† from the South and the growth of the music industry lead to the creation of the â€Å"City Blues. † During the 1950’, â€Å"City Blues, also known as the â€Å"Chicago Blues,† flourished using rhythm sections and a higher amplification. A higher reliance was given to guitar and harmonica leads. While â€Å"Chicago Blues† did not recapture the harsh conditions of the African American community, it found a new audience drawn from followers of rock music. Guralnick, Peter. Feel Like Going Home: Portraits in Blues and Rock ‘N’ Roll. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1999. Print Blues was a property of African Americans before it was even set on paper. Each blues singer had his own individual way of expressing himself. However there is a common thread of ideas as well as lyrics which gives blues players the ability to sit down with any other and play. Its very popularity in fact influenced recording trends and tended to place a far greater emphasis on the community. It has always been a commercial vehicle, and particularly so because of its adaptable form. Pendack, Stephen. History of Blues. Blues Music Rocks! 2002. Web. April 20, 2010. Blues has its deepest roots in the work songs of the West African slaves in the South. During their back-breaking work â€Å"field holler† would use rhythm of their work songs to set the pace. During the Great depression, blacks migrated north along railroad tracks to Chicago. They brought blues music with them and soon the sound filled urban night clubs. We began to see new performers like Muddy Waters switching to electric guitar and adding a drum set to their bands. Scaruffi, Piero. A Brief History of Blues Music. History of Popular Music. 2006. Web. April 23, 2010. During the creation of civilizations, blues â€Å"solo music† was invented to admire and appreciate musical talent of singers and instrumentalists. Blues music relied heavily on rhythm, both for dancing and singing. The key element to African music was rhythm, not melody and harmony. Instead of a melodic counterpoint, West African music was about rhythmic counterpoint. Spencer, Jon. Blues and Evil. Tennessee: The University of Tennessee, 1993. Print White blues artists have tended to overlook the underlying theme of the blues because they have not fully understood African American culture. The language of the blues is one including a deep religious meaning not to be duplicated by the white culture. With the creation of rock and roll a reason for using the foundations a blues arose. Much profit came from blues music but the meaning could never be understood by white culture. How to cite The History of Blues and Rock ‘N’ Roll, Papers

Noughts and Crosses Essay Example

Noughts and Crosses Essay Callum McGregor is one of the main characters in the novel Noughts and Crosses by Malorie Blackman. It is an action packed novel based on a society that has been practicing segregation for decades. The novel is set in a fictional country called Pangaea during the 21st century. Callum deals with many issues including relationships, friendships, violence, alcohol abuse and depression. However, the main issues he has to deal with are prejudice and racism. This essay will reveal Callum’s complicated and unlucky character as well as saying the changes he has been through. Callum is a nought boy, a second class citizen in a world run by Crosses. Callum believes in change but, unlike his dad and brother, he does not believe that maiming and killing will do anything. Instead he believes that having education will help him become someone and in that way he can help change the world. Callum’s brother and dad are a part of the Liberation Militia, a group of Nought communists who are prepared to do anything for change, even killing. Callum’s mother highly disapproves of this group and believes, like Callum, that change can be achieved in a more civil way. We will write a custom essay sample on Noughts and Crosses specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noughts and Crosses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noughts and Crosses specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lynette is Callum’s older sister. She has a mental disorder which makes her think that she is a Cross. Throughout the book Callum goes from the age of thirteen to twenty. But he may as well be fifty for all that’s he’s seen and done. His dark chestnut coloured hair and misty grey eyes add to his mystic character. Although Callum has a hard life he is still very caring and loving. â€Å"How about you and I go up to Celebration Wood this Saturday? We could have a picnic. †-Callum, page 80. Callum is also curious and questionative because everyone is being secretive around him. â€Å"Where are you going Dad? â€Å"Out where? † â€Å"What meeting? † â€Å"Where is it? † â€Å"Can I come? †-Callum, page 188. Callum is also very easily confused. When everything goes downhill after the bomb explodes he wonders why his brother’s fingerprints were found on the bomb casing. â€Å"Jude was the bomber†¦That couldn’t be right. The Crosses had set him up, framed him. My brother wasn’t a bomber. He wouldn’t do anything like that. And he certainly wouldn’t be stupid enough to leave his fingerprints all over the bomb casing-unless he thought there wouldn’t be anything left of the bomb so why bother wearing gloves? -Callum, page 243 Callum’s best friend’s name is Sephy who is a Cross girl and daughter of one of the most powerful men in the country. Callum and Sephy are friends in secret, Sephy’s parents don’t know about their friendship and Callum’s family strongly disapproves. Sephy has a huge impact on Callum’s life. Everything Callum does somehow involves Sephy â€Å"Will Sephy approve of this? † â€Å"What will Sephy think of this? † He is constantly protecting her whether she knows it or not. Well, I said goodbye to Sephy at the beach almost two hours ago, but then I hid in the shadows and followed her home to make sure she got back OK. Then it took me over an hour to walk home. † Callumâ₠¬â„¢s life practically revolves around Sephy. Without her he’d just be another lost nought boy. The biggest change Callum goes through is when Sephy goes to Chivers Boarding School. After a series of events he turns from an innocent lovable boy to a man who has become cold and unfriendly. He grew up to become a totally different person. From a boy who believed change can be achieved through education to a man who was stereotypical: the only way for change is to kill. He no longer loved or become close to anyone. He was a whole new person. Callum McGregor is a boy with a very hard life. Yet, throughout the book Callum shows to be a brave and lovable boy. He handles every situation with ease and proves that racism and prejudice will get them nowhere. He proves to be a great friend, son and brother. Finally showing that he is not just anyone, but an exceptionally gifted boy who proves that change can be achieved through education and knowledge.

Free Essays on Adolf Hitler

At half past six on the evening of April 20, 1889, a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attended church regularly and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood, it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fulfill his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise, he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance! , and gave him a hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture, as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his life, the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean’s office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... Perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent.... Alternatively, IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. While living in Vienna, Hitler made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks, which he sold ... Free Essays on Adolf Hitler Free Essays on Adolf Hitler At half past six on the evening of April 20, 1889, a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attended church regularly and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood, it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fulfill his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise, he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance! , and gave him a hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture, as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his life, the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean’s office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... Perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent.... Alternatively, IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. While living in Vienna, Hitler made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks, which he sold ...

How to Identify Language Deficits, Delays and Disorders

How to Identify Language Deficits, Delays and Disorders What Are Language Deficits? Language deficits are problems with age-appropriate reading, spelling and writing. The language disorder that comes most readily to mind is dyslexia, which is a difficulty in learning to read. But many students who have problems with reading have spoken language problems as well, and for that reason, language deficits or language disorders are the more inclusive ways to speak about these issues. Where Do Language Disorders Come From? Language disorders are rooted in the brains development, and are often present at birth. Many language disorders are hereditary. Language deficits do not reflect intelligence. In fact, many students with language deficits are of average or above-average intelligence. How Can Teachers Spot a Language Deficit? For teachers, spotting language deficits in students is the first step in addressing issues that can impact the way these children function in the classroom and at home. Without proper intervention, these children will often be at a significant disadvantage. Use this list of common symptoms to help identify children who may be subject to language delays. Then, follow up with parents and professionals such as a speech language pathologist. The student has difficulty expressing ideas clearly. Her answers can be vague and difficult to understand. He may have trouble remembering a word in conversation, and use place-holders like um or uh in excess.Learning new vocabulary from reading or from lecturing is difficult.  Understanding questions and following spoken or written directions is a challenge.Child has trouble recalling numbers in sequence, such as telephone numbers.Comprehension of written or spoken stories or lessons is weak, and little is retained.  The students reading comprehension is poor.  Child has difficulty remembering the words to songs and rhymes.Directionality: Can the child easily tell left from right?Difficulty learning letters and numbers, and the sounds that correspond to letters.The student often mixes up the order of letters in words while writing.Child has difficulty distinguishing between foreground and background noise. How are Language Disorders Diagnosed? If a teacher suspects that a student is exhibiting language deficits, its important to support that child early, as the gaps in learning will only increase over time. The teacher and parents or caregivers should meet with a speech-language pathologist, who can evaluate spoken and written language ability.   Common Language-Based Disorders Dyslexia, or difficulty learning to read, is only one of the more common language-based disorders that teachers may encounter. Others include: Auditory Processing Disorder: Children may not be able to distinguish different sounds, and may have difficulty filtering out background noises.Dysgraphia: Affects writing and fine motor coordination.Language Processing Disorder: Students have difficulty attaching meaning to the sounds of language. Distinguished from ADP as it only pertains to the sounds of words and sentences.Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities: These are characterized by strong discrepancies between verbal skills and motor, spatial, or social skills, as may be seen in autistic children previously known as Aspergers.

Arnold Schonberg, Adolf Loos and the Viennese Circle Essay

Arnold Schonberg, Adolf Loos and the Viennese Circle - Essay Example On the other hand, music tells a story through a carefully crafted set of audio. The best creations in architecture and music take painfully long to craft and they tell a compelling story that captivates its audience. It is evident that several analogies can be drawn between architecture and music in terms of their creation and impact to the society (Breivik, 2011). Inevitably, music and architecture tend to borrow from each other. Music can be considered as a metaphorical representation of a structure that can be transformed into visual terms and be an architectural piece. The relationship between architecture and music can be difficult to fathom for an ordinary person. Yet, a careful analysis of the underlying principles of any music piece shows a clear correlation with architecture. Music can be analyzed in three key parts that are rhythm, melody and harmony. These three features can be incorporated into architecture and help to create striking pieces. Breivik (2011) and Alexander (1999) pointed out that musical influence in architecture redefines a design and showcases the subtle artistic features that make an architectural piece to stand out. Therefore, it is important to appreciate the importance of the relationship between architecture and music. ... He was a member of the Viennese Circle. The architectural ideas of Loos were shaped greatly by the ideas that were brought forth by the Viennese circle (Schezel et al, 2009). Loos was greatly influenced by the musical ideas of his colleague Arnold Schonberg who was also part of the Viennese circle. Both Loos and Schonberg had great influence on each other. In fact, the intellectual relationship in terms of architecture and music that transpired between Loos and Schonberg has had a great impact on the society up to the present time. Loos and Schonberg were active in their professions during the era of serialism. Serialism was a revolution in composition as it was during those times. Traditional melodic, harmonic and tonal conventions were replaced entirely. Arnold Schonberg developed the twelve note system that was a new thinking in the line serial development. In the serial theory, it was the structural series of notes that made up the overall composition. The ilk of Schonberg revoke d standardized musical devices and instead opted to come with something that was unique. The main emphasis in serial development was order and clarity (John, pp. 87). Schonberg let go of the traditional aspects of music and endeavored to reinvent music in its entirety. Serialism in music was about composers coming up with their own musical language based on their ideas and intellectual inclination. Historical reiterations were not given any consideration. In essence, Serialism in music as embodied in Arnold Schonberg’s work was of disruptive nature in comparison with the conventional music at that time. During the time of Serialism, the cultural environment in Vienna allowed

Healthcare Right Or Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Healthcare Right Or Privilege - Essay Example If the concept of healthcare is deemed as a right, healthcare as a privilege becomes self-evident and contradictory with the definition of right itself. Those, who are willing to argue that healthcare is a right, simultaneously propose a bunch of policies that ultimately turns healthcare as privilege. In this regard, Brian T. Schwarz (2008) says, â€Å"Ironically, those who claim health care is â€Å"a right and not a privilege† support policies that make it a privilege† (p.1). Even both theoretically and ethically healthcare as a privilege are more reasoning than it as a right. Since philosophically the definition of right pivots on the commonality of the individuals’ ability to do and to have anything that sustains them both physically and mentally, the concept of healthcare as a right requires some additional attributes. Healthcare is a Product produced by those in this Field In the first place, healthcare as a right asserts that one has the right to take care of one’s health to avail themselves of the available healthcare options. Also the basic concept of ‘right’ ensures that one’s right must not be entitled to what others produce without their consents. That is, one’s right must not harm others’ right. In the following lines MA Faria (1997) delineates what natural right is and what a state’s role in preserving it is: â€Å"Natural rights embody the concept of individual autonomy and negative rights that are inalienable and inherent to human beings. Natural rights†¦..like human rights can be exercised by all individuals simultaneously without infringing and trampling on the rights of others.† (p.98) If analyzed deeply, it will be evident that â€Å"healthcare consists of diagnoses and treatments by highly-trained medical professionals. It involves sophisticated products, instruments, and tests designed and developed at great investment, effort, and cost by scientists, enginee rs, and entrepreneurs. That is, people produce health care† (Schwarz, 2008, p. 2). The pattern of healthcare market in the USA has flourished to the stage at which the status of healthcare as a product has been rather boosted up by the mode the production of healthcare service. On one hand, the US healthcare industry has excelled both qualitatively and quantitatively in the past few decades. On the other hand, healthcare-cost has increased many times, as it is said in an article, According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Americans spent $1.3 trillion, or 13.2 percent of the gross domestic product, on health care in 2000. Since the mid-1960s, health care costs have increased at double-digit levels, far exceeding the rate of inflation. (Barlett & James, 2006, p. 34) In the face of the increasing cost of medical-care in the private, the Health Saving Account was started as a tax advantaged medical savings account in 2003. Health saving account (HSA) is an inv estment in individual health an option differentiated from health insurance cover. In this account the patient deposits savings in order to pay for their health care needs. This account allows people to pay for current health expenses and save for future medical and retiree health expenses on a tax-free basis. The goal of these

The Dialectic of Metafiction and Neorealism in Calvinos Baron in the T

The Dialectic of Metafiction and Neorealism in Calvino's Baron in the Trees. "I agree to my books being read as existential or as structural works, as Marxist or neo-Kantian, Freudianly or Jungianly: but above all I am glad to see that no one key will open the lock". The above quotation perhaps shows more than anything else the ambiguity of Calvino's works. The obsession to label all narratives arises from our compulsion to make sense of this world, as literary generic categories form part of our cosmologies. Calvino's work however, eludes us by drawing upon multifarious techniques and images to create a narrative that defies all generic conventions. Attempting to arrive at a sole conclusion with a single key to unlock Calvino's narrative is to underestimate its full potential, for no single label justifies the ambiguity of his work. Indeed, the bulk of the attention focused on Calvino's work is derived mainly from its elusiveness, and its inability to be placed into any particular category. Critics have long been divided over the polemics of his work, one significant aspect of which lies in whether or not Calvino's fiction can be considered as a fairytale or as a realist story. "realismo a carica fiabiasca" and fiaba a carica realistica" (realis m infused with fairytale and fairytale infused with realism). (Cavino, Introduction) What I am interested in is how the notions of metafiction and neorealism work in Calvino's narratives. Undoubtedly, as I have established earlier, it is not possible to label his work as falling into either one or the other generic category. Rather, I would say that both neorealist tendencies and metafictional elements work to make Calvino's short story. Antithetical as these two notions are in ... ...inburgh UP. 1993. Calvino, Italo. "Baron In The Trees" Our Ancestors. Trans. Archibald Colquhoun. London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1992. ---. Introduction to gli amori difficili, 2nd ed vii. Turin: Einuadi, 1970. Cannon, JoAnn. Postmodern Italian Fiction. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989. Carter, Albert Howard. Italo Calvino: Metamorphoses of Fantasy, Studies in Speculative Fiction. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1987. Gabriele, Tommasina. Italo Calvino: Eros and Language. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994. Lodge, David. "Metafiction." The Art Of Fiction. New York: Viking, 1993. 206-210. Waugh, Patricia. "What is Metafiction and why are they saying Such Horrible Things About It?" Metafiction. Ed. Mark Currie. Harlow: Longman, 1995. 39-54. USP Home | Literary Studies | Students Projects

“The English” Text Analysis

THE ENGLISH Text Analysis In process of analyzing the text ‘The English’ I found that there are six paragraphs and in each paragraph there are approximately four sentences. Vocabulary of this text is simple without difficult words like scientific terminology etc. , in addition it is also descriptive, so author describes how immigrants from overseas have settled in different parts of England and had formed their communities.Simple and descriptive vocabulary makes text more understandable to people. Author use in the text specialized vocabulary, lexical words in the text refer to geographical discipline (immigrants, north, east, west and south, London region etc. â€Å"The Greater London region is roughly a cicle, extending twenty to thirty miles from central London in the north and east, and thirty to forty miles in the west and south. †). Also in the text I found some compound words such as overseas and commonwealth.Text ‘The English’ consists of verb s, nouns and adverbs. Firstly I would like to consider the usage of nouns in this text. I think that author mostly used abstract nouns – language, accent, pride, dialects, behavior, life (An abstract noun means something that we cannot taste, touch, smell or see, for example â€Å"As the English are such a mixed people, local customs and accents in England vary a great deal and local pride is still strong in some parts of the country. )- all of them we can refer to moral qualities. I detected there few collective nouns- communities, cosmopolitan city, school, which means that author keep in mind group of people, a special class composed of members (â€Å"They still speak their own languages or dialects, but their children grow up speaking English exactly like the children with from they go to school. †) . Also there are proper names in the text, for example Ian Macdonald, Leonard, Herbert Perkins.Adjectives in the text are not frequent and mostly they refer to visual and evaluative attributes (â€Å"The Williams, The Macdonalds, The Townsends and Herbert Perkins have all made their homes in London which is now a great cosmopolitan city. † ; â€Å"Yet one of the strongest and more usual accents is to be found in the East End of London, the home of the cockneys. †) Author used restrictive adjective clause (â€Å"A cockney is very different from most people’s idea of a typical Englishman. ), so the adjective restricts the information and as we can see the restrictive element is not set off with commas. Also adjectives in this text are mostly gradable, for example â€Å"strong† and â€Å"different†, we can grade these adjectives like rather different, very different or extremely different, author used one of them in the sentence â€Å"A cockney is very different from most people’s idea of a typical Englishman. † . The author uses that kind of adjectives to show us big difference between cockney and t ypical Englishman, to transmit the idea of paragraph or of whole text.Author use adjectives mostly before noun (â€Å"As the English are such a mixed people, local customs and accents in England vary a great deal and local pride is still strong in some parts of the country. †) Verbs in this text, such as moved, has been added, made, settled, formed, speak and grow up, carry an important part of meaning. Without these verbs the person who read the text would be confused because of misunderstanding. Verbs in the text make a bit clear the main idea, verbs are dynamic (referring to actions, events), for example â€Å"Many immigrants from overseas have settled there and have formed their own communities.They still speak their own languages or dialects, but their children grow up speaking English exactly like the children with whom they go to school. † We can clearly see that verbs from the example refer to speech acts and movements. The adverbs are not frequent, I have foun d only eleven adverbs the text: since, still, only, always, exactly, less, roughly, far, rarely, really, more. (â€Å"The Greater London Region is roughly a circle, extending twenty to thirty miles from central London in the north and east, and thirty to forty miles in the west and south. ; â€Å"Some people travel to work in London from as far as eighty miles away. †) Adverbs ‘always’ and ‘rarely’ are the adverbs of frequency (â€Å"This is why Hampshire accents are now so rarely heard. †) ; ‘since’ the adverb of purpose, ‘really’ is the adverb of degree and ‘still’ the adverb of time (â€Å"They still speak their languages or dialects, but their children grow up speaking English†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )I have noted an interesting thing that the author did not use conjuncts such as ‘so’, ‘however’ and disjuncts like ‘obviously’, ‘frankly’.Maybe that’s wh y transition from one paragraph to other is so sharp and paragraphs are bad connected among themselves. Sentences on the whole have a simple structure (â€Å"Some people travel to work in London from as far as eighty miles away. †), but there are also complex sentences (â€Å"Not only have Welsh, Scottish, and Irish people made their homes in England, but also Jews, Russians, Germans – people from almost every country Europe – as well as many West Indians, Indians and others from the commonwealth. †). Author mostly uses declarative sentences with no commands and exclamations.Author did not use rhetorical questions and even usual questions, only statements, that’s why the main idea is weakly perceptible. The average sentence length is approximately 25 words. The sentences are mixed, that mean that there are different tenses in the text, for example present perfect continuous (â€Å"Since 1066 the blood of many other races has been added to the orig inal English mixture. †), present simple (â€Å"Many people now live in south and south-east England and commute to their places of work in London. ), present perfect (â€Å"The Williams, The Macdonalds, The Townsends, and Herbert Perkins have all made their homes in London which is now a great cosmopolitan city. ) . What is more, I found an example of detached construction in the sentence (â€Å"Not only have Welsh, Scottish, and Irish people made their homes in England, but also Jews, Russians, Germans – people from almost every country in Europe – as well many West Indians, Indians, and others from the commonwealth. †) There are no modal verbs in the text.The author gives us objective information with positive qualities that mean that author provides information in this way to make a good impression on readers, like in this sentence (â€Å"London is the largest city in Europe after Paris, but it’s population has shrunk from 8 million in 1939 t o less than 7 million in 1988. †), the main idea of the sentence is that population of London has shrunk, but author â€Å"leave† this information on the background and to make better inspiration about London as main information he wrote that London is the largest city in Europe after Paris, not that London in the second largest city in Europe after Paris.As I have already sad that the text has formal vocabulary and lexical words in the text refer to geographical discipline, but we cannot refer it to scientific texts because scientific text needs terminology, but there we cannot see terminology at all, so this is publicistic text which may appear in the newspapers and magazines. There is no addressing to the reader, no personal pronouns like ‘me’, ‘you’ etc. , no directives, no rhetorical questions, however there is impersonalization.All in all I think that the main idea of the text is that nowadays it is difficult to find a typical, purebloode d Englishman because the centuries ago the blood of other races has been added to the original English mixture. But in this text is very difficult to ‘catch’ the main idea because each paragraph has they own idea and paragraphs are bad connected among themselves, also because there are lack of rhetorical questions, lack of adverbs and adjectives and interactivity, all these would make the text vivid and more understandable. To prove this I took the last sentence from the 5th paragraph (â€Å"Some people travel to work in London from as far as eighty miles away. †) and the first sentence from the 6th (â€Å"This is why Hampshire accents are now so rarely heard†) as we can see there is no straight connection between the 5ht and the 6th paragraph. The main idea is developed trough the names of nationalities, trough the verbs ‘settled’, ‘made’, ‘formed’ etc. trough the dates and statistician. I also noted that the topic à ¢â‚¬ËœThe English’ partly does not conforms to the text. The topic does not reflect the meaning of the text. The reader may think that text is about the pure Englishmen, about their habits and lifestyle but not about the immigrants who become to inhabit The British Isles few centuries ago and how their inhabitation affects nowadays situation.

Corporate Finance And Formulas Of Ratio Analysis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4628 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Corporate finance is defined as, the finance study with financial decisions business enterprises make and the tools and analysis used to make these decisions. Or A company division alarmed the financial operation. In most businesses raising money in corporate finance in different projects. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporate Finance And Formulas Of Ratio Analysis Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Corporate finance is the method of raising funds or assets for any kind of expenses. Customers business firms and normally governments do not have the funds that they make to perform their operations and the funds that could earn dividends put the original use. The capital agencies including commercial banks savings and loan family are used the glory loan and funds of business. The nonblank organization or firm recognizes the union and investment companies. Finance has three parts which is business finance personal finance and public finance. The shareholders the benefit money investment loses into different way of current assents and other assets. Corporate finance tells us and set of scales the needs of employees customers and suppliers safety of the shareholders. Ratio analyses of the range industrialized company. Profitability ratio The ratios measures that specify how fine a firm are performing in terms of its ability to make profit. Following ratio are used to indict the profitability of a company. Net profit margin ratio Gross profit margin ratio Net asset turnover ratio Operating margin ratio Financial Classes show that help to improve a businesss skill to make money as compared to its fixed cost and other valid costs during a particular stage. When these rations are higher than a competitors ratio or than the companys ratio are preceding the given time that the company is doing well and make progress. These ratios are helpful both the lender and saver t know the current state of the company and give more benefit of owners and manager of the company. These consider the primary ratios. Net profit margin ratio Formula X 100 Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (944/21,900) x 100= 4.54% Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 (836/27,450) x 100= 3.05% Net income ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (552/21,015) x 100= 2.63% Net income scope ratio of Spectrum Company goes downward. NPR of spectrum company in 2006 is 4.54 percent and when company comes in 2007 it goes to lose by about 1.49 percent and make at 3.05 percent and in 2008 its 2.63 percent this shape clearly shows that their income fall down year by year which is not a good sign for the holder and management of the company because it give bad feeling to the saver and lenders. Gross profit margin What remains from sales after a company pays out the cost of goods sold. To get gross profit margin split gross profit by sales. Gross profit margin is expresses as a profit. Formula X 100 Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (3525/21,900) x 100= 24.32% Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 (6225/27,450) x 100= 22.67% Gross profit margin ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (5895/21,015) x 100= 28.05% Gross profit ratio outline prove a good result of the company it is 24.32 percent in 2006 but it cut down in 2007 came on the 22.67percent but in very next year spectrum company improved soon and their gross profit ratio goes positive to the 28.05 percent it mean company have a good manage over their manufacture cost gives good net sales to their owners. Net asset turnover Net assent defined as, Net sales divided by total assets. Net asset turnover ratio show how good assets are used to produce income and benefit. Also called total asset turnover. Formula Capital employed= Total asset current liability Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2006 (21,900/5878)=3.73 times Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2007 (27,450/7810)= 3.51 times Net asset turnover ratio of the spectrum company 2008 (21015/8626)= 2.44 times In 2006 company net asset turn over ratio was 3.73 times but company did not sustain this shape promote and it declined minor in 2007 come on 3.51 times and it comes 2.44 times in the present year which is not a fine mark for the company its mean that company make less profits. Operating margin ratio A ratio used to measure a companys pricing strategy and operating efficiency. Formula x 100 Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2006 (1832/21015) x 100= 8.71% Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2007 (2222/27450) x 100= 8.09% Operating profit of Spectrum Company 2008 2377/21900) x 100= 10.85% Overalls its mean procedure of set cost of spectrum company improved year by year in 2006 it was 8.71 percent but in 2007 it was 8.09 percent company try to take it down its handling of fixed cost but company cannot take this drive further way from 2006 and reach on 10.85percent. Return on capital employed (ROCE) Go back on capital employed is used in finance as analyze of the return that a company is realizing from its capital employed. It is usually used as a measure for comparing the act between businesses and for assessing whether a business generates enough income to pay for its cost of resources. Formula x 100 Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2006 (2377/5878) x 100= 40.44% Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2007 (2222/7810) x 100=28.45 % Return on investment of Spectrum Company 2008 (1832 /8626) x 100= 21.24% The company shows the location about their earning. In 2006 it go back on deal 23.03 % which not bad but next year it slowly declined 18.54%. The business gain value slowly and business lose land but earning little profit. ROCE shows that business gaining or loss its resources. Leverage ratio Any ratio used to calculate the financial control of a company how to solve the problem and get an idea of the company and way of financing to calculate the skill to meet financial obligations. There are the different ratios that maintain the factors of debt justice and resources to get the fixed cost. OR A ratio is using to measure the company mix operation about cost given design and how to changes the produce to earning income. A company received more benefit to use different ratios. Fixed and variable costs are the two types of in use costs depending on the company and the business the mix change. Following ratio give output in the force ratio and is organism used to understand the leverage of the company. Capital gearing ratio Debt/equity ratio Interest cover Capital gearing ratio Universally linked to solvency ratio is the capital gearing ratio. Capital gleaning ratio is mostly used to study the capital makeup of a company. The term capital deal refers to the relation between the range of long term form of financing such as debentures favorite and fairness share capital with capital and surpluses. Leverage of capital structure ratios is calculated to test the long term financial position of a firm. The term assets Gearing or power usually refers to the total relationship between equity share capital plus capital and surpluses to desired share capital and other fixed interest bearing funds or loans. Formula x 100 If the company is much geared so he might be look some difficulties in prospect to get finance from bank or from saver. This ratio is the main for a company in value of their current sponsor or for the future investor. Because this ratio can straight affect the ability of the company is able to retain bonus policy during its bad period. Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2006 (1779/5878) x 100=30.27% Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2007 (3302/7810) x 100= 42.28% Capital gearing ratio of spectrum company2008 (4770/8626) x 100= 55.30% According to above statement the ratio the financial state of Spectrum Company going from bad to bad. Because in 2006 its capital gearing was 30.27 percent which not bad it mean still company more support as compared to their liabilities but it go high in 2007 which is 42.28 percent at that it is a care sign for the company but because of the ineffective management this angry its 50 percent figure at reach at 55.30 percent company become highly gearing state at this flash it clearly show the financial makeup of the that company did not have enough money for re payment of their loan and might be company come on the circumstances of the bankrupt. This is disappointing stage for the owner of the company. Debt/equity ratio A measure of a companys financial leverage planned by split its total liabilities by stockholders impartiality. It shows us how to use the assets in company in equity and debt the company. A high debt/equity ratio usually means that a company has been hostile in financing its increase with debt. This can result in volatile earnings as a result of the extra interest cost. The debt is used the finance to increased the company performance in different ways. If the earnings money increases then a better amount of debt cost shareholders is more benefit. The company use debt financing outweighs to return to solve the problem likely bankruptcy which would leave shareholders. The debt/equity ratio also used in the industry which the company operates. Formula x 100 Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 (1779/4099) x 100= 43.40% Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2076 (3302/4508) x 100= 73.24% Debt/equity ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 (3911/4940) x 100= 79.17% Using this ratio it is obviously show that at the present location of company is on way of well geared situation. Its d/e ratio in 2006 was 43.40 percent which was satisfactory but in pending periods there is way variation from 2006 it become 73.24 percent in 2007 and after this year there is no development company to the worse condition and it reach at 79.17 percent which is offensive by the saver or owners of the company. This is normally used the lenders or banks when these are giving loan to company. Interest coverage These ratios are used to resolve the problem of company pay interest on dazzling debt. This ratio is working the interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing firm earnings money before interest and taxes in year and the company interest fixed cost in same year. The company lower ratio is loaded balance fixed cost. The coverage ratio is 1.5or less then it ability to get interest expenses. When coverage ratio less than 1 then the company is not received any interest expenses. If this ratio is more then 7 times it guess safe hand even if its on 3 times is suitable but below of this show worse condition of company. Formula Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 2377/142 = 16.74 times Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 2222/363 = 6.12 times Interest coverage ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 1832/389 = 4.70 times Spectrum company at rest in state to pay their all interest on their debts but this ratio decreased year by year and I thing company carry on this presentation further might be in future company will not clever to their interest. Because its interest coverage ratio in 2006 was 16.74 times which is very fine but it decreased in 2007 come on 6.12 times but in current year this ratio arrive at 4.70 times which is suitable because silent able to pay its interest but if consider this declined in future so it thing so in very next year company is not able to their interest. Current ratio A liquidity ratio that procedures a companys ability to pay short-term obligations. Or A sign of a companys ability to meet short term debt obligations the higher the ratio the more fluid the company is current ratio is like to current assents divided by current liabilities. If the current assets of a company are more than twice the current liabilities than that company is generally considered to have good short-term financial power. Formula It is possible to be said the recent should be around 2 times but its depend company to company some company 1.5 times. But if it is under 1 its mean company have not too much missing in to pay their debts. Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 5519/1916 = 2.88 times Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2007 9138/4307 = 2.12 times Current ratio of Spectrum Company 2008 8756/4770 = 1.84 times. Analysis of current asset ratio of Spectrum manufacturing company In 2006 Spectrum Company recent ratio was 2.88 times its mean at that time company was in burly situation to their debts which was due on that same time periods. But in 2007 it decreased come on 2.12 times which was still suitable. But in current year 2008 its make on 1.84 times which below then 2 it is fear circumstances of a company that they year by year they have not enough assets to pay their debts. Because this depart a bad feeling in market will mot draw to investor that company is able to pay their current liabilities and might be they face difficulties to obtain stack from bank or from lenders. Advantages of ratio analysis Ratio analysis key to understand of financial analysis. It is the condition of business concern and performance. It is simply says that comparison two company figure. Advantages of the ratio analysis To many groups of people who pays the attention in analysis of financial to solve the problem and better position of the company. They used the ration analysis and solved problem and workout the financial analysis and give a good business in a company. To workout the success: money people are worked of ratios and give profitability of the business and calculate the profitability ratios. It will help the company manager to know that about capacity of the business concern. To workout the Solvency: the ratio solved to solvency problem. These ratios show relationships between assets and investment. It will possible to return back the loan of business. Helpful in analysis of financial statement: the ratio analysis is helpful the outsiders creditors or shareholders. These ratios show the bankers to profitability of the company to pay interest. Helpful in relative analysis of the performance: with the help of this ratio analysis the company has got more interest as like previous year. The company knows about weak point about their performance. To simplify the accounting information: in simply accounting ratios are very useful in financial and they briefly summaries the result of complicated computations. To workout the operating efficiency: the ratio shows the efficiency of the company operation and solved various turnover ratios. All turnover ratios work the performance of the business. To workout short term financial position: the ratio makes a good business in short time. It gives good result of financial position and removes business bad efforts and makes to improve it. Helpful for forecasting purposes: accounting ratio indicate the business when it will go wrong turn. With the help of previous years result the make it perfect in future. Disadvantages Ratio analysis is completely communicated on the usual office measures for example earnings per share, in service margin ratio. There are some disadvantages which as follow. Accounting policies There is some bad effect about using the ratios. One of the accounting police indicate reliable and mirror in the business. The original business particular are important skill to make it good investment decisions. The business gives the profit showy or understand the investors are poor decision in which financial no return output. Then problem in accounting policy. The manager need to change accounting policy and not confuses everyone. Information problems Ratios are not give good events in all years. So when ratios are used to carefully. Ratios give clues to maintain the performance or financial state. The company performance show the result of information about analysis makes it good or bad. Out old information in financial statement, the old information of financial statement that facts of accounts are likely at least several months. This might not be proper sign of the company current position. Analysis of the ratio it is difficult to make simpler about whether a particular ratio is good or bad. Contrast of performance over time Price change rise renders given of result over time confusing as financial facts will not be within the same levels of buying power. The project of the company has better its act and location when in fact after adjusting changes it will show the different picture. Technology changes when the technology changes then the ratio can not show better result. Because ratios are working old method and skills. Ratios are affected the technology and loss the performance of the company. Changes in office policy the result shows the company adopted accounting police it will give good result in years as false. The problem is the accounting police give the manipulate results through the changes. Shock of seasons on trading the financial statement the end of year the result of correct evidence may not be same. Company which chooses the best time to produce financial statement is given better result and give good business. Inter firm comparison The two companies are not the same yet they are competitors in the same market. So we are using ratio and compare one company to other but different financial and business risk. FINANCIAL AND NON FINACIAL TECHNIQUES Sales to working capital ratio Indicates the firms ability to finance extra sales with incurring additional debt. Formula Sales/working capital ratio of Spectrum Company 2006 Stock turnover ratio To examination stocks a little further it is likely to use ratio analysis. The stock turnover ratio shows how many times over the business has sold the value of its stocks during the year. Formula X 365 Fixed asset turnover Fixed assent turnover ratio is use to check the value of resources in company. It will show how well the business is using the current assets to make more sales. Its fixed assets to generate sales. Formula Dividend yield The yield a company pays out to its shareholders in the form of dividends. It is calculated by taking the amount of dividends paid per share over the course of a year and dividing by the stocks price. Formula x 100 Non-financial ratio Non financial ratios are almost exclusively used by management since for outsiders the scope for different definitions makes comparison between organizations difficult. The key approaches are based on Employees Operational activities Assets Customers Suppliers They take many forms. Employees Output per hour Employee cost per hour Employee cost per unit Staff retention Employee satisfaction survey statistics Operational Units per day Rejects per 000 Waiting time Cost per hour Cost per unit Assets Machine utilization Cost per unit Downtime Repair statistics Customer Customer satisfaction Order fulfillment Complaint levels Returns Repeat orders Supplier Order fulfillment Complaint levels Returns Non financial ratios used Employee Based Operationally based Asset based Customer based Supplier based Performance of the company Marketing success Production Staff Service Manufacture Ability of the company in ratio Delivery timing Output per employee Suppliers Product life cycle Staff The result of using all ratios financial or non financial are used by spectrum Manufacturing Company. These ratios are the key of success of company. Part (b) Agency Theory A theory about the relationship between a principal and an agent of the principal. A theory explaining the relationship between principals such as a shareholder and agents such as a companys executives. In this relationship the principal delegates or hires an agent to perform work. The theory attempts to deal with two explicit problems: First that the goals of the principal and means are not in clash agency problem and second that the principal and agent reconcile different tolerances of risk. Agency theory is showing the financial economics that attention between people which is different interests in the same assets. The most important factor of agency theory between Managers of companies and shareholders Bond holders and shareholders Agency theory shows important among other things Companies give offer to make acquisitions which is bad for shareholders. Changeable bonds are used which sold with warrants. Funds agreement matters. Agency theory is seldom if ever of direct import to group investment decisions. Very important thing is financial economists model aspects which show capital markets functions. In agency theory the investors are better understand how to gain benefit. One more important factor between interest of shareholders and debt holders which conflict each other. It is bit risk to high return strategy benefits to shareholders and debt holders. Implications of Agency Theory According to me agency theory can be implicated in Spectrum Manufacturing Company on following two issues. Investment. Risk Taking. Investment Investment is use to affection of resources or assets to create financial benefits in the form of income. They make more profit in future. It is use for saving defer. Investment is used in many areas of the economy such as business management and finance. It is not affected for households firms or governments. After analysis an investment involves the choice by a person or an organization such as a income funds or led money in a vehicle or device or asset such as property product stock bond financial matter or the foreign asset denominated in overseas currency that has sure level of risk and provides the possibility of generating returns over a period of time. Shareholder of the company will always think of long term business and the other hand manager goes for the short term investment to show the value every year. For spectrum manufacturing company the conflict can arise on the issue of investment. As company is not very economically sound at this point so share holder would not wa nt any investment. Risk taking Risk taking is very important for the company manager because Risk concerns the likely value of one or more outcome of one or more likely events. For spectrum manufacturing company is not a right decision at this point to get any risk. The result of ratio analysis the company has not progress fine in these three years so if management needs to take any uncertain plan on this can grounds an agency problem. - Part (c) Dividend policy Dividend is the separation of value to shareholders. The dividend policy to be created by the company which is the base on tow factor. One is sorted out of permanent dividend policy put into place. The company policies are decided to current position and future financial position. The preferred and direction of the investors are also taken into account. A companys dividend policy is the companys standard do when deciding how big a bonus sum to create. Dividend policy may be frankly stated or investors may believe the dividend payments of the company that had made in past. A dividend police is taken a plan of out share of the company. If company is not defined the dividend police then the shareholders will be finished. The investors are likely to make The DPS maintain the dividend police which preceding whole years level is very low and company has finished the dividend as well possible. The investors are maintained the payment ratio normally level in the past and they make it completed in the future. The police of dividend increase to cover as well as it do not drop to low of payments. Companies do not increase dividends only if they are secure to increase is sustainable. It means the company management increasing dividend and indication of investors to persuade. The dividend police cuts regularly then some permanent drop in a business of company. - Q 2 (a) Debt financing Financial by selling bonds bills or notes to person or institutions. When a firm increases money for working assets or capital expenditures by selling bonds bills or notes to person and institutional shareholders, in arrival for return back the money the persons. Become creditors and receive that the chief and interest on the debt will be repaid. Debt financing is basically money that you use to run your business. Debt finance is two types Long term Debt Financing usually applies to capital your business is purchasing such as gear buildings land or technology. With long term debt financing the listed repayment of the loan and the likely helpful in life of the asset. Short Term Debt Financing short term debt finance is needed money for the day of end for operations of the business which is including purchasing list supplies or paying the employees salary. Short term financing is working long term business or short term business loan because refund time is less than one year. In a large business which you run or you have already cash flow and property then you get high safety loan. If however you area sole seller or run a small business you might be optional to use your personal wealth for example your house as security for a loan. For this reason many businesses request support for which they do not have to make direct expenses equity financing. Equity Financing Financing by selling common stock or favored stock to investors. Equity financing define as money acquired from the small or medium business owners themselves or from investors. The stockholders buy the shares in a corporation to create equity financing and the investors who give the fund for business. In small business owners are invest their own money into their businesses that gleaned from bequest saving or even the saving or even the sale assets themselves which include the equity finance which serves it. Equity financing is gift for these kinds of business or investors. They want to expend share and get the risks as well as rewards. Equity finance is work for those investors which are prepared to personal business in large amount of get loan and return to the share ownership in the firms. The searches of loan you get do not choose only one type of financing it is possible to get or loss and both equity financing are all parties involved it. They get all benefit or advantages of equity finance. Sources of financing a public company The company would choose the diverse sources of finance depending on the amount required and which it is needed. Finance drive into three categories namely Traditional sources Ownership capital Non-ownership capital Traditional sources of finance Internal resources have traditionally been the chief source of finance for a company. Internal resources could be a companys resources personal funds and profits that have not been reinvested or distributed among shareholders. Working capital is a short term source of finance and is the money used for a companys day to day behavior including salaries rent payments for raw resources and electricity bills. Ownership capital Ownership capital is the capital owned by the shareholders of a company. A business can raise large funds through an IPO. These funds are usually used for large fixed cost such as new product development growth into a new market and setting up a new plant. The various types of shares are Ordinary shares: these are also known as equity shares and give the owner the right to share the companys profits and vote at the firms general meetings. Preference shares: the owners of these shares may be entitled to a fixed share but usually do not have the right to vote. Companies that are already listed on a stock exchange can opt for a rights issue which seeks additional asset from existing shareholders. They could also opt for late normal shares where in the issuing company is not required to pay dividends until a one date or before the profits reach a certain level. Unquoted companies can also issue and trade their shares in over the counter markets. Non-ownership capital Non ownership capital includes funds raised from lenders such as banks and creditors. Companies usually use a fixed amount from a bank at a fixed interest rate and with a fixed repayment schedule. Certain bank accounts offer overdraft services. This is used by companies to meet their short term fund requirements as they usually come at very high interest rate. Factoring enables a company to raise fund using its dazzling invoices. The company typically receives about 85% of the value of the invoice from the factor. This method is more fitting for overcoming short term cash flow issues. Hire purchase allows a company to use an asset without directly paying the complete purchasing price. Trade credit enables a company to obtain products and services from another firm and pay the bill later. Sources of Finance: Venture Capital Firms in the early stages of growth can pick for venture capital. This option gives the financing company some ownership as well as power over the way of the project